GAMBAS BOOK 3.19.1

The same considerations and comments apply to this project as for the project in → Chapter 23.3.5.3 (Paint project). Therefore, only the source code and the results are presented for the three examples.

In the first example, a third-degree Bézier curve is drawn:

Figure 25.1.12.1.1: Modelled Bézier curve of the 3rd degree (4 points)

Points A and D determine the start and end points of the curve and the position of points B and D determine the curvature behaviour. Here is the complete source code to draw the image in → Figure 25.1.12.1.1:

[1] Public Sub CairoScriptBezier4Points()
[2]   Dim vP As Vector
[3]   
[4]   GenerateNewImage()
[5]   SetImageBorder()  
[6]   Cairo.Begin(hImage) 
[7]     Cairo.Translate(xTranslate, yTranslate)
[8]     Cairo.Scale(xScale, yScale) ' +y ▲  
[9]     DrawCoordinateSystem()
[10]      
[11] '-- FLAT SPRING
[12] '-- Vector with 8 elements: Real numbers (no complex numbers)
[13]     vP = New Vector(8, False) 
[14]   ' A(30|30), B(150|250), C(400|60), D(510|210)  
[15]     vP = [30, 30, 150, 250, 400, 60, 510, 210]
[16] 
[17] '-- Draw connecting lines: A - B - C - D
[18]     Cairo.AntiAlias = 0
[19]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Blue)
[20]     Cairo.LineWidth = 0.75
[21]     Cairo.Dash = [1, 4] '-- Dotted line: Start
[22]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[0], vP[1])
[23]     Cairo.LineTo(vP[2], vP[3])
[24]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[2], vP[3])
[25]     Cairo.LineTo(vP[4], vP[5])
[26]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[4], vP[5])
[27]     Cairo.LineTo(vP[6], vP[7])
[28]     Cairo.Stroke()
[29]     Cairo.Dash = [] '-- Dotted line: End
[30]     
[31] '-- Bézier-Curve
[32]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Red)
[33]     Cairo.LineWidth = 4
[34]     Cairo.LineCap = Cairo.LineCapRound
[35]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[0], vP[1])    
[36]     Cairo.CurveTo(vP[2], vP[3], vP[4], vP[5], vP[6], vP[7])
[37]     Cairo.Stroke() 
[38]     Cairo.AntiAlias = 1  
[39]     
[40]   ' Draw in points A, B, C and D
[41]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Blue)
[42]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[0], vP[1])
[43]     Cairo.Arc(vP[0], vP[1], 3)
[44]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[2], vP[3])
[45]     Cairo.Arc(vP[2], vP[3], 3)
[46]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[4], vP[5])
[47]     Cairo.Arc(vP[4], vP[5], 3)
[48]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[6], vP[7])
[49]     Cairo.Arc(vP[6], vP[7], 3)
[50]     Cairo.Fill()
[51]     
[52] '-- Draw texts
[53]     Cairo.NewPath
[54]     Cairo.Scale(1, -1)
[55]     Cairo.Font.Name = "Arial"
[56]     Cairo.Font.Size = 14
[57]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.DarkBlue)
[58]     
[59]     Cairo.MoveTo(25, -10)
[60]     Cairo.DrawText("A")
[61]     Cairo.MoveTo(145, -265)
[62]     Cairo.DrawText("B")     
[63]     Cairo.MoveTo(398, -35)
[64]     Cairo.DrawText("C")
[65]     Cairo.MoveTo(505, -225)
[66]     Cairo.DrawText("D")
[67]     
[68]     Cairo.Scale(1, -1)    
[69]   Cairo.End()
[70]   
[71] End

To clarify the position of all points in relation to the Bézier curve, certain connecting lines and the support points B and C are drawn in the instructions from line 41 onwards. Points A, B, C and D are drawn as a circle with a very small radius. Finally, the four points are labelled - but without specifying coordinates.

In this example, a number 2 (digit symbol) is drawn from three Bézier curves - two Bézier curves of the third degree and a line (Bézier curves of the first degree).

Figure 25.1.12.2.1: The number 2 from three Bézier curves

The source code for the procedure CairoScriptBezierNumber2() is given in full:

[1] Public Sub CairoScriptBezierNumber2()
[2]   Dim PS, P1, P2, PE As New PointF
[3]   Dim vP, aQ As Vector
[4]   Dim fYOffset As Float
[5]   
[6]   GenerateNewImage()
[7]   SetImageBorder()  
[8]   Cairo.Begin(hImage) 
[9]     Cairo.Translate(xTranslate, yTranslate)
[10]     Cairo.Scale(xScale, yScale) ' +y ▲  
[11]     DrawCoordinateSystem()
[12]   
[13] '-- Draw number 2
[14]     Cairo.Scale(2, 2) ' +Zoom with a factor of 2
[15]     Cairo.LineWidth = 22
[16]     fYOffset = Cairo.LineWidth / 2
[17]   ' -----------------------------------------------------
[18]   ' Upper arch - red
[19]     PS.x = 60
[20]     PS.y = 90 + fYOffset
[21]     P1.x = 60
[22]     P1.y = 130 + fYOffset
[23]     P2.x = 135
[24]     P2.y = 130 + fYOffset
[25]     PE.x = 135
[26]     PE.y = 90 + fYOffset
[27]     Cairo.LineCap = Cairo.LineCapRound
[28]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Red)
[29]     Cairo.MoveTo(PS.x, PS.y)
[30]     Cairo.CurveTo(P1.x, P1.y, P2.x, P2.y, PE.x, PE.y)
[31]     Cairo.Stroke()
[32]   ' -----------------------------------------------------    
[33]   ' Centre curve - blue
[34]     vP = New Vector
[35]     vP = [60, 0, 60, 45, 135, 45, 135, 90]
[36]     aQ = New Vector
[37]     aQ = [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
[38] 
[39]     vP = vP + fYOffset * aQ
[40]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Blue)
[41]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[0], vP[1])    
[42]     Cairo.CurveTo(vP[2], vP[3], vP[4], vP[5], vP[6], vP[7])
[43]     Cairo.Stroke
[44]   ' -----------------------------------------------------   
[45]   ' Lower curve - green - 1st order Bezier curve (straight line)
[46]     Cairo.MoveTo(60, 0 + fYOffset)
[47]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Green)
[48]     Cairo.LineTo(135, 0 + fYOffset)
[49]     Cairo.Stroke()
[50]   Cairo.End()
[51]   
[52] End

In this example, a graphic is drawn that consists of several 3rd degree Bézier curves and other shapes (lines, circles). Different colours are used to distinguish the individual curves.

Figure 25.1.12.3.1: Complex graphic with Bézier curves

The source code for the third example is given here in full:

[1] Public Sub CairoScriptBezierSplines()
[2]   Dim vP As Vector
[3]   
[4]   GenerateNewImage()
[5]   SetImageBorder()  
[6]   Cairo.Begin(hImage) 
[7]     Cairo.Translate(xTranslate, yTranslate)
[8]     Cairo.Scale(xScale, yScale) ' +y ▲  
[9]     DrawCoordinateSystem()
[10]     
[11]   ' AUTO
[12]   ' -----------------------------------------------------         
[13]   ' Front bumper
[14]     Cairo.Scale(1.3, 1.3) ' +Zoom mit dem Faktor 1.3
[15]     vP = New Vector
[16]     vP = [1.25, 0.75, 1, 0.75, 1, 0.75, 1, 1]
[17]     vP = 40 * vP
[18]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Red)
[19]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[0], vP[1])    
[20]     Cairo.CurveTo(vP[2], vP[3], vP[4], vP[5], vP[6], vP[7])
[21]     Cairo.Stroke()
[22]   ' -----------------------------------------------------    
[23]   ' Radiator cap
[24]     vP = New Vector
[25]     vP = [1, 1, 1, 2, 2.5, 2.2, 3.8, 2.2]
[26]     vP = 40 * vP
[27]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Green)
[28]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[0], vP[1])    
[29]     Cairo.CurveTo(vP[2], vP[3], vP[4], vP[5], vP[6], vP[7])
[30]     Cairo.Stroke()
[31]   ' -----------------------------------------------------    
[32]   ' Windscreen and roof
[33]     vP = New Vector
[34]     vP = [3.8, 2.2, 4, 3.8, 5.8, 3.2, 7.7, 2.6]
[35]     vP = 40 * vP
[36]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Red)
[37]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[0], vP[1])    
[38]     Cairo.CurveTo(vP[2], vP[3], vP[4], vP[5], vP[6], vP[7])
[39]     Cairo.Stroke()
[40]   ' -----------------------------------------------------    
[41]   ' Boot cover
[42]     vP = New Vector
[43]     vP = [7.7, 2.6, 8.5, 2.3, 8.6, 1.5, 10, 1]
[44]     vP = 40 * vP
[45]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Blue)
[46]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[0], vP[1])    
[47]     Cairo.CurveTo(vP[2], vP[3], vP[4], vP[5], vP[6], vP[7])
[48]     Cairo.Stroke()
[49]   ' -----------------------------------------------------
[50]   ' Rear bumper   
[51]     vP = New Vector
[52]     vP = [10, 1, 10.5, 0.75, 10.5, 0.75, 10, 0.75]
[53]     vP = 40 * vP
[54]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Red)
[55]     Cairo.MoveTo(vP[0], vP[1])    
[56]     Cairo.CurveTo(vP[2], vP[3], vP[4], vP[5], vP[6], vP[7])
[57]     Cairo.Stroke()
[58]   ' -----------------------------------------------------    
[59]   ' Base plate
[60]     Cairo.AntiAlias = 1
[61]       Cairo.MoveTo(400, 30)
[62]       Cairo.LineWidth = 1
[63]       Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.DarkGray)
[64]       Cairo.LineTo(50, 30)      
[65]       Cairo.Stroke()
[66]     Cairo.AntiAlias = 0
[67]   ' Front wheel
[68]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.DarkGreen)    
[69]     Cairo.Arc(100, 30, 30)
[70]     Cairo.Fill()
[71]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Gray)
[72]     Cairo.Arc(100, 30, 17)
[73]     Cairo.Fill()
[74]   ' Rear wheel
[75]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.DarkGreen)
[76]     Cairo.Arc(300, 30, 30)
[77]     Cairo.Fill()
[78]     Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Gray)
[79]     Cairo.Arc(300, 30, 17)    
[80]     Cairo.Fill()
[81]   
[82] ' TEXT
[83]     Cairo.NewPath
[84]     Cairo.Scale(1 / 1.3, -1 / 1.3) '-- ATTENTION: y-axis now with *positive* values downwards!
[85]     Cairo.MoveTo(10, -220)
[86]     Cairo.AntiAlias = 1
[87]       Cairo.Source = Cairo.ColorPattern(Color.Gray)
[88]       Cairo.LineTo(540, -220)
[89]       Cairo.Stroke()
[90]     Cairo.AntiAlias = 0
[91]     Cairo.Font.Name = "Monospace"
[92]     Cairo.Font.Size = 30
[93]     Cairo.MoveTo(50, -230)
[94]     Cairo.DrawText("CAIRO-DESIGN")
[95]   Cairo.End()
[96]   
[97] End

The project archive can be found in the download area.